nf-core/chipseq

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Samplesheet input

You will need to create a samplesheet with information about the samples you would like to analyse before running the pipeline. Use this parameter to specify its location. It has to be a comma-separated file with 5 columns, and a header row as shown in the examples below.

--input '[path to samplesheet file]'

Multiple replicates

The sample identifier should be identical when you have multiple replicates from the same experimental group; just increment the replicate identifier appropriately. The first replicate value for any given experimental group must be 1.

The antibody column is required to separate the downstream consensus peak merging for different antibodies. It is not advisable to generate a consensus peak set across different antibodies especially if their binding patterns are inherently different e.g. narrow transcription factors and broad histone marks.

The control column should be the sample identifier for the controls for any given IP. This column together with the control_replicate column will set the corresponding control for each of the samples in the table.

group,fastq_1,fastq_2,replicate,antibody,control,control_replicate
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A1_S27_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,1
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A25_S16_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,2
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A49_S40_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,3
WT_INPUT,BLA203A6_S32_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A30_S21_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A31_S21_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,,,

Multiple runs of the same library

Both the sample and replicate identifiers have to be the same when you have re-sequenced the same sample more than once e.g. to increase sequencing depth. The pipeline will perform the alignments in parallel, and subsequently merge them before further analysis. Below is an example where the samples called WT_BCATENIN_IP and WT_INPUT have been re-sequenced multiple times:

sample,fastq_1,fastq_2,replicate,antibody,control,control_replicate
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A1_S27_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,1
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A25_S16_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,2
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A25_S16_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,2
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A25_S16_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,2
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A49_S40_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,3
WT_INPUT,BLA203A6_S32_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A30_S21_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A30_S21_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A31_S21_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,,,

Full design

The pipeline will auto-detect whether a sample is single- or paired-end using the information provided in the samplesheet. The samplesheet can have as many columns as you desire, however, there is a strict requirement for the first 7 columns to match those defined in the table below.

A final design file may look something like the one below. This is for two antibodies and associated controls, where the second replicate of the WT_BCATENIN_IP and NAIVE_BCATENIN_IP samples have been sequenced twice:

sample,fastq_1,fastq_2,replicate,antibody,control,control_replicate
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A1_S27_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,1
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A25_S16_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,2
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A25_S16_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,2
WT_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A49_S40_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,BCATENIN,WT_INPUT,3
NAIVE_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A7_S60_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,BCATENIN,NAIVE_INPUT,1
NAIVE_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A43_S34_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,NAIVE_INPUT,2
NAIVE_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A43_S34_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,BCATENIN,NAIVE_INPUT,2
NAIVE_BCATENIN_IP,BLA203A64_S55_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,BCATENIN,NAIVE_INPUT,3
WT_TCF4_IP,BLA203A3_S29_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,TCF4,WT_INPUT,1
WT_TCF4_IP,BLA203A27_S18_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,TCF4,WT_INPUT,2
WT_TCF4_IP,BLA203A51_S42_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,TCF4,WT_INPUT,3
NAIVE_TCF4_IP,BLA203A9_S62_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,TCF4,NAIVE_INPUT,1
NAIVE_TCF4_IP,BLA203A45_S36_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,TCF4,NAIVE_INPUT,2
NAIVE_TCF4_IP,BLA203A66_S57_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,TCF4,NAIVE_INPUT,3
WT_INPUT,BLA203A6_S32_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A30_S21_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,,,
WT_INPUT,BLA203A31_S21_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,,,
NAIVE_INPUT,BLA203A12_S3_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,1,,,
NAIVE_INPUT,BLA203A48_S39_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz,,2,,,
NAIVE_INPUT,BLA203A49_S1_L006_R1_001.fastq.gz,,3,,,

Example design files have been provided with the pipeline for paired-end and single-end data.

NB: The group and replicate columns were replaced with a single sample column as of v2.0 of the pipeline. The sample column is essentially a concatenation of the group and replicate columns. If all values of sample have the same number of underscores, fields defined by these underscore-separated names may be used in the PCA plots produced by the pipeline, to regain the ability to represent different groupings.

Reference genome files

The minimum reference genome requirements are a FASTA and a GTF file, all other files required to run the pipeline can be generated from these files. However, it is more storage and compute friendly if you are able to re-use reference genome files as efficiently as possible. It is recommended to use the --save_reference parameter if you are using the pipeline to build new indices (e.g. those unavailable on AWS iGenomes) so that you can save them somewhere locally. The index building step can be quite a time-consuming process and it permits their reuse for future runs of the pipeline to save disk space. You can then either provide the appropriate reference genome files on the command-line via the appropriate parameters (e.g. --bwa_index '/path/to/bwa/index/') or via a custom config file.

• If --genome is provided then the FASTA and GTF files (and existing indices) will be automatically obtained from AWS-iGenomes unless these have already been downloaded locally in the path specified by --igenomes_base.
• If --gene_bed is not provided then it will be generated from the GTF file.

NB: Compressed reference files are also supported by the pipeline i.e. standard files with the .gz extension and indices folders with the tar.gz extension.

Blacklist bed files

The blacklist bed files where obtained using the commands below:

cd ..
mkdir -p v1.0
cd v1.0
wget -L https://www.encodeproject.org/files/ENCFF001TDO/@@download/ENCFF001TDO.bed.gz && gunzip ENCFF001TDO.bed.gz && mv ENCFF001TDO.bed hg19-blacklist.v1.bed
 
mkdir -p assets/blacklists/v2.0/
cd assets/blacklists/v2.0/
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/ce10-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip ce10-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/ce11-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip ce11-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/dm3-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip dm3-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/dm6-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip dm6-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/hg19-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip hg19-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/hg38-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip hg38-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
wget -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Boyle-Lab/Blacklist/master/lists/mm10-blacklist.v2.bed.gz && gunzip mm10-blacklist.v2.bed.gz
 
cd ..
mkdir -p v3.0
cd v3.0
wget -L https://www.encodeproject.org/files/ENCFF356LFX/@@download/ENCFF356LFX.bed.gz && gunzip ENCFF356LFX.bed.gz && mv ENCFF356LFX.bed hg38-blacklist.v3.bed

NB: A detailed description of the different versions of the files can be found here. Also, to to see which blacklist bed files are assigned by default to the respective reference genome check the igenomes.config.

Running the pipeline

The typical command for running the pipeline is as follows:

nextflow run nf-core/chipseq --input ./samplesheet.csv --outdir ./results --genome GRCh37 -profile docker

This will launch the pipeline with the docker configuration profile. See below for more information about profiles.

Note that the pipeline will create the following files in your working directory:

work                # Directory containing the nextflow working files
<OUTDIR>            # Finished results in specified location (defined with --outdir)
.nextflow_log       # Log file from Nextflow
# Other nextflow hidden files, eg. history of pipeline runs and old logs.

If you wish to repeatedly use the same parameters for multiple runs, rather than specifying each flag in the command, you can specify these in a params file.

Pipeline settings can be provided in a yaml or json file via -params-file <file>.

The above pipeline run specified with a params file in yaml format:

nextflow run nf-core/chipseq -profile docker -params-file params.yaml

with params.yaml containing:

input: './samplesheet.csv'
outdir: './results/'
genome: 'GRCh37'
<...>

You can also generate such YAML/JSON files via nf-core/launch.

Updating the pipeline

When you run the above command, Nextflow automatically pulls the pipeline code from GitHub and stores it as a cached version. When running the pipeline after this, it will always use the cached version if available - even if the pipeline has been updated since. To make sure that you’re running the latest version of the pipeline, make sure that you regularly update the cached version of the pipeline:

nextflow pull nf-core/chipseq

Reproducibility

It is a good idea to specify a pipeline version when running the pipeline on your data. This ensures that a specific version of the pipeline code and software are used when you run your pipeline. If you keep using the same tag, you’ll be running the same version of the pipeline, even if there have been changes to the code since.

First, go to the nf-core/chipseq releases page and find the latest pipeline version - numeric only (eg. 2.1.0). Then specify this when running the pipeline with -r (one hyphen) - eg. -r 2.1.0. Of course, you can switch to another version by changing the number after the -r flag.

This version number will be logged in reports when you run the pipeline, so that you’ll know what you used when you look back in the future. For example, at the bottom of the MultiQC reports.

To further assist in reproducbility, you can use share and re-use parameter files to repeat pipeline runs with the same settings without having to write out a command with every single parameter.

Core Nextflow arguments

-profile

Use this parameter to choose a configuration profile. Profiles can give configuration presets for different compute environments.

Several generic profiles are bundled with the pipeline which instruct the pipeline to use software packaged using different methods (Docker, Singularity, Podman, Shifter, Charliecloud, Apptainer, Conda) - see below.

The pipeline also dynamically loads configurations from https://github.com/nf-core/configs when it runs, making multiple config profiles for various institutional clusters available at run time. For more information and to see if your system is available in these configs please see the nf-core/configs documentation.

Note that multiple profiles can be loaded, for example: -profile test,docker - the order of arguments is important! They are loaded in sequence, so later profiles can overwrite earlier profiles.

If -profile is not specified, the pipeline will run locally and expect all software to be installed and available on the PATH. This is not recommended, since it can lead to different results on different machines dependent on the computer enviroment.

• test
  • A profile with a complete configuration for automated testing
  • Includes links to test data so needs no other parameters
• docker
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Docker
• singularity
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Singularity
• podman
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Podman
• shifter
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Shifter
• charliecloud
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Charliecloud
• apptainer
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Apptainer
• wave
  • A generic configuration profile to enable Wave containers. Use together with one of the above (requires Nextflow 24.03.0-edge or later).
• conda
  • A generic configuration profile to be used with Conda. Please only use Conda as a last resort i.e. when it’s not possible to run the pipeline with Docker, Singularity, Podman, Shifter, Charliecloud, or Apptainer.

-resume

Specify this when restarting a pipeline. Nextflow will use cached results from any pipeline steps where the inputs are the same, continuing from where it got to previously. For input to be considered the same, not only the names must be identical but the files’ contents as well. For more info about this parameter, see this blog post.

You can also supply a run name to resume a specific run: -resume [run-name]. Use the nextflow log command to show previous run names.

-c

Specify the path to a specific config file (this is a core Nextflow command). See the nf-core website documentation for more information.

Custom configuration

Resource requests

Whilst the default requirements set within the pipeline will hopefully work for most people and with most input data, you may find that you want to customise the compute resources that the pipeline requests. Each step in the pipeline has a default set of requirements for number of CPUs, memory and time. For most of the steps in the pipeline, if the job exits with any of the error codes specified here it will automatically be resubmitted with higher requests (2 x original, then 3 x original). If it still fails after the third attempt then the pipeline execution is stopped.

To change the resource requests, please see the max resources and tuning workflow resources section of the nf-core website.

Custom Containers

In some cases you may wish to change which container or conda environment a step of the pipeline uses for a particular tool. By default nf-core pipelines use containers and software from the biocontainers or bioconda projects. However in some cases the pipeline specified version maybe out of date.

To use a different container from the default container or conda environment specified in a pipeline, please see the updating tool versions section of the nf-core website.

Custom Tool Arguments

A pipeline might not always support every possible argument or option of a particular tool used in pipeline. Fortunately, nf-core pipelines provide some freedom to users to insert additional parameters that the pipeline does not include by default.

To learn how to provide additional arguments to a particular tool of the pipeline, please see the customising tool arguments section of the nf-core website.

nf-core/configs

In most cases, you will only need to create a custom config as a one-off but if you and others within your organisation are likely to be running nf-core pipelines regularly and need to use the same settings regularly it may be a good idea to request that your custom config file is uploaded to the nf-core/configs git repository. Before you do this please can you test that the config file works with your pipeline of choice using the -c parameter. You can then create a pull request to the nf-core/configs repository with the addition of your config file, associated documentation file (see examples in nf-core/configs/docs), and amending nfcore_custom.config to include your custom profile.

See the main Nextflow documentation for more information about creating your own configuration files.

If you have any questions or issues please send us a message on Slack on the #configs channel.

Azure Resource Requests

To be used with the azurebatch profile by specifying the -profile azurebatch. We recommend providing a compute params.vm_type of Standard_D16_v3 VMs by default but these options can be changed if required.

Note that the choice of VM size depends on your quota and the overall workload during the analysis. For a thorough list, please refer the Azure Sizes for virtual machines in Azure.

Running in the background

Nextflow handles job submissions and supervises the running jobs. The Nextflow process must run until the pipeline is finished.

The Nextflow -bg flag launches Nextflow in the background, detached from your terminal so that the workflow does not stop if you log out of your session. The logs are saved to a file.

Alternatively, you can use screen / tmux or similar tool to create a detached session which you can log back into at a later time. Some HPC setups also allow you to run nextflow within a cluster job submitted your job scheduler (from where it submits more jobs).

Nextflow memory requirements

In some cases, the Nextflow Java virtual machines can start to request a large amount of memory. We recommend adding the following line to your environment to limit this (typically in ~/.bashrc or ~./bash_profile):

NXF_OPTS='-Xms1g -Xmx4g'